Monday, June 27, 2011

The Laws of Thermo

RANT #14: I don't really think that an additional term will be added to the First Law because it would never affect systems on Earth. But I do think that the source of creating new space (popcorn) ought to be considered by the ortho-phyicists. The Laws of Thermo are some of the highest achievements of phenomenal physics. The First we already cited as the conservation of energy: in any defined system of space it's changes in Energy = Work + Heat. The Second Law says the whenever Heat comes in or leaves the system there's a minimum value to the heat that's degraded by the flow called the reversible Entropy = reversible heat / temperature. The Third Law says that the reversible heat is an ideal that cannot be attained in reality. All real Entropy changes are greater than the minimum. It also implies that the only temperature you get the minimum is alsolute zero but that you can only get as close as you want of absolute zero but never arrive. The musical "The Wiz" had young Micheal Jackson playing the Strawman singing the line "You can't win, you can't break even, you can't get out of the game." I later learned that this is attributed to C.P.Snow - best selling physicist author of "The Two Cultures." My version isn't for gamblers but consumers: "Everything costs, more than its worth, there are no refunds." Finally about why we have a (thermodynamic) temperature scale that ranges from zero to plus infinity and is a fiction at zero: zero on the Celcius scale is -273.16 degrees. I work out a temperature scale that would track Celcius in the ambient range as follows:
A Temperature Scale that Fits the Third Law: "unattainabilty of absolute zero".
Define the PHI (logarithmic) temperature scale in terms of the ideal gas scale:
Phi = 739.9 x (ln K / ln 10) - 1797.79

KelvinCelsiusPhi
0.00-273.15-infinity
1.00-272.15-1797.79
10.00-263.15-1059.89
100.00-173.15-321.99
273.150.000.03
298.1525.0028.10
310.1537.0040.74
373.15100.00100.00
1000726.88415.91
100009726.851153.81
10000099726.851891.71
1000000999726.902629.61

Divides the liquid water range into 100 degrees; makes the cryogenic range within 2000 degrees (negative), the chemical range within 1000 degrees and the nuclear and stellar range within 2500 degrees.

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